Mark v0.2.0, update lockfile

The config.toml lets me run `cargo run --target wasm32-unknown-unknown`
and host a dev server.

I've adjusted the Cargo.toml to use the kdtree_rayon feature by default,
but disable the Rayon feature for WASM builds (because it doesn't work).

.cargo/config.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+[target.wasm32-unknown-unknown]
+runner = "wasm-server-runner"

Cargo.toml

@@ -1,11 +1,10 @@
 [package]
 name = "another-boids-in-rust"
-version = "0.1.0"
+version = "0.2.0"
-edition = "2021"
+edition = "2024"
 
 [dependencies]
-bevy = "0.14.0"
+bevy = "0.16.0"
-bevy_spatial = "0.9.0"
 
 # Grand-dependency pins
 ab_glyph = "0.2.16"
@@ -17,6 +16,16 @@ miniz-sys = "0.1.10"
 nonmax = "0.5.1"
 rand = "0.8.0"
 
+# Use regular bevy_spatial on non-WASM builds
+[target.'cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))'.dependencies]
+bevy_spatial = "0.11.0"
+
+# Use bevy_spatial *without* the kdtree_rayon feature when building for WASM.
+[target.'cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")'.dependencies.bevy_spatial]
+version = "0.11.0"
+default-features = false
+features = ["kdtree"]
+
 [profile.dev]
 opt-level = 1
 

src/birdoids/mod.rs

@@ -1,16 +1,22 @@
-use bevy::{prelude::*, sprite::MaterialMesh2dBundle};
+pub mod physics;
+
+use bevy::prelude::*;
 use bevy_spatial::{
-    kdtree::KDTree2, AutomaticUpdate, SpatialAccess, SpatialStructure, TransformMode,
+    AutomaticUpdate, SpatialAccess, SpatialStructure, TransformMode, kdtree::KDTree2,
 };
 
+use crate::birdoids::physics::{Force, Velocity, apply_velocity};
+
 const BACKGROUND_COLOR: Color = Color::srgb(0.4, 0.4, 0.4);
 const PLAYERBOID_COLOR: Color = Color::srgb(1.0, 0.0, 0.0);
 const TURN_FACTOR: f32 = 1.0;
-const BOID_VIEW_RANGE: f32 = 50.0;
+const BOID_VIEW_RANGE: f32 = 15.0;
 const COHESION_FACTOR: f32 = 1.0;
-const SEPARATION_FACTOR: f32 = 1.0;
+const SEPARATION_FACTOR: f32 = 10.0;
 const ALIGNMENT_FACTOR: f32 = 1.0;
-const SPACEBRAKES_COEFFICIENT: f32 = 0.01;
+const SPACEBRAKES_COEFFICIENT: f32 = 0.5;
+const LOW_SPEED_THRESHOLD: f32 = 50.0;
+const HIGH_SPEED_THRESHOLD: f32 = 200.0;
 
 pub struct BoidsPlugin;
 
@@ -33,13 +39,14 @@ impl Plugin for BoidsPlugin {
                 cohesion,
                 separation,
                 alignment,
-                // space_brakes,
+                speed_controller,
             ),
         );
     }
 }
 
 #[derive(Component)]
+#[require(Velocity, Force, TrackedByKdTree)]
 pub(crate) struct Boid;
 
 // It's a Boid, but with an extra component so the player
@@ -47,36 +54,11 @@ pub(crate) struct Boid;
 #[derive(Component)]
 struct PlayerBoid;
 
-#[derive(Component, Deref, DerefMut)]
+#[derive(Component, Default)]
-pub(crate) struct Velocity(Vec3);
+pub struct TrackedByKdTree;
-
-#[derive(Component, Default, Deref, DerefMut, PartialEq, Debug)]
-pub(crate) struct Force(Vec3);
-
-#[derive(Component)]
-pub(crate) struct TrackedByKdTree;
-
-#[derive(Bundle)]
-struct BoidBundle {
-    boid: Boid,
-    velocity: Velocity,
-    accel: Force,
-    spatial: TrackedByKdTree,
-}
-
-impl BoidBundle {
-    fn new(vel: Vec3) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            boid: Boid,
-            velocity: Velocity(vel),
-            accel: Force(Vec3::ZERO),
-            spatial: TrackedByKdTree,
-        }
-    }
-}
 
 fn spawn_camera(mut commands: Commands) {
-    commands.spawn(Camera2dBundle::default());
+    commands.spawn(Camera2d);
 }
 
 fn spawn_boids(
@@ -89,34 +71,32 @@ fn spawn_boids(
         let frac = 2.0 * std::f32::consts::PI / (num_boids as f32) * (i as f32);
         let vel = Vec3::new(frac.cos() * 1.0, frac.sin() * 1.0, 0.0) * 10.0;
         commands.spawn((
-            BoidBundle::new(vel),
+            Boid,
-            MaterialMesh2dBundle {
+            Velocity(vel),
-                mesh: meshes.add(Circle::default()).into(),
+            Mesh2d(meshes.add(Circle::new(1.0))),
-                material: materials.add(Color::srgb(1.0, 1.0, 1.0)),
+            MeshMaterial2d(materials.add(Color::srgb(1.0, 1.0, 1.0))),
-                transform: Transform {
+            Transform::from_translation(vel * 20.0),
-                    translation: vel * 20.0,
-                    ..default()
-                },
-                ..default()
-            },
         ));
     }
 
     commands.spawn((
-        BoidBundle::new(Vec3::new(0.0, 0.0, 0.0)),
+        Boid,
         PlayerBoid,
-        MaterialMesh2dBundle {
+        Mesh2d(meshes.add(Triangle2d::default())),
-            mesh: meshes.add(Triangle2d::default()).into(),
+        MeshMaterial2d(materials.add(PLAYERBOID_COLOR)),
-            material: materials.add(PLAYERBOID_COLOR),
-            ..default()
-        },
     ));
 }
 
-fn space_brakes(mut mobs: Query<&mut Force, With<Boid>>) {
+/// Controls the boid's minimum and maximum speed according to a low- and
-    for mut accel in &mut mobs {
+/// high-threshold. Boids moving too slow are sped up, and boids moving too
-        let braking_dir = -accel.0 * SPACEBRAKES_COEFFICIENT;
+/// fast are slowed down.
-        accel.0 += braking_dir;
+fn speed_controller(mut mobs: Query<(&Velocity, &mut Force), With<Boid>>) {
+    for (vel, mut impulse) in &mut mobs {
+        if vel.0.length() < LOW_SPEED_THRESHOLD {
+            impulse.0 += vel.0 * SPACEBRAKES_COEFFICIENT;
+        } else if vel.0.length() > HIGH_SPEED_THRESHOLD {
+            impulse.0 += -vel.0 * SPACEBRAKES_COEFFICIENT;
+        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -124,7 +104,7 @@ fn turn_if_edge(
     mut query: Query<(&mut Transform, &mut Velocity), With<Boid>>,
     window: Query<&Window>,
 ) {
-    if let Ok(window) = window.get_single() {
+    if let Ok(window) = window.single() {
         let (width, height) = (window.resolution.width(), window.resolution.height());
         for (transform, mut velocity) in &mut query {
             let boid_pos = transform.translation.xy();
@@ -145,25 +125,18 @@ fn turn_if_edge(
     }
 }
 
-fn apply_velocity(mut query: Query<(&mut Transform, &Velocity, &mut Force)>, time: Res<Time>) {
-    for (mut transform, velocity, mut acceleration) in &mut query {
-        let delta_v = **acceleration * time.delta_seconds();
-        **acceleration = Vec3::ZERO;
-        let delta_position = (**velocity + delta_v) * time.delta_seconds();
-        transform.translation += delta_position;
-    }
-}
-
 fn check_keyboard(
     keyboard_input: Res<ButtonInput<KeyCode>>,
     mut app_exit_events: ResMut<Events<bevy::app::AppExit>>,
-    mut query: Query<&mut Velocity, With<PlayerBoid>>,
+    mut query: Query<&mut Force, With<PlayerBoid>>,
 ) {
     if keyboard_input.just_pressed(KeyCode::KeyQ) {
         app_exit_events.send(bevy::app::AppExit::Success);
     }
 
-    let mut pvelocity = query.single_mut();
+    let mut impulse = query
+        .single_mut()
+        .expect("[birdoids_plugin::check_keyboard()] ->> There seems to be more than one player... How did that happen?");
     let mut dir = Vec2::ZERO;
     if keyboard_input.pressed(KeyCode::ArrowLeft) {
         dir.x -= 1.0;
@@ -178,53 +151,78 @@ fn check_keyboard(
         dir.y += 1.0;
     }
 
-    **pvelocity = **pvelocity + dir.extend(0.0);
+    **impulse += dir.extend(0.0) * 50.0;
 }
 
 fn cohesion(
     spatial_tree: Res<KDTree2<TrackedByKdTree>>,
-    mut boids: Query<(&Transform, &mut Force), With<Boid>>,
+    mut boids: Query<(Entity, &Transform, &mut Force), With<Boid>>,
 ) {
     // for each boid
     // find neighbors
     // find center-of-mass of neighbors
     // find vector from boid to flock CoM
     // apply force
-    for (transform, mut acceleration) in &mut boids {
+    for (this_entt, transform, mut force) in &mut boids {
-        let neighbors = spatial_tree.within_distance(transform.translation.xy(), BOID_VIEW_RANGE);
+        let (len, sum) = spatial_tree
-        if let Some(center_mass) = center_of_boids(neighbors.iter().map(|boid| boid.0)) {
+            .within_distance(transform.translation.xy(), BOID_VIEW_RANGE)
-            let force = cohesive_force(center_mass, transform.translation.xy()).unwrap_or_default();
+            .iter()
-            acceleration.0 += *force * COHESION_FACTOR;
+            .filter_map(|(pos, entt)| {
-        }
+                // Skip self-comparison. A boid should not try to separate from itself.
+                let entt = entt
+                    .expect("within_distance gave me an entity... with no entity ID... somehow");
+                if this_entt == entt { None } else { Some(pos) }
+            })
+            .enumerate()
+            .fold((0, Vec2::ZERO), |(_len, com), (idx, pos)| (idx, com + pos));
+
+        // Skip to next boid if the current one has no neighbors.
+        let center_of_mass = if len > 0 {
+            sum / ((len + 1) as f32)
+        } else {
+            continue;
+        };
+
+        let impulse = cohesive_force(center_of_mass, transform.translation.xy()).expect("damn");
+
+        force.0 -= impulse.0 * COHESION_FACTOR;
     }
 }
 
 fn separation(
     spatial_tree: Res<KDTree2<TrackedByKdTree>>,
-    mut boids: Query<(&Transform, &mut Force), With<Boid>>,
+    mut boids: Query<(Entity, &Transform, &mut Force), With<Boid>>,
 ) {
     // for each boid
     // find neighbors
     // sum force from neighbors
     // apply force
-    for (boid_transform, mut boid_acceleration) in &mut boids {
+    for (this_entt, tsfm, mut force) in &mut boids {
-        let neighbors =
+        let impulse = spatial_tree
-            spatial_tree.within_distance(boid_transform.translation.xy(), BOID_VIEW_RANGE / 4.0);
+            .within_distance(tsfm.translation.xy(), BOID_VIEW_RANGE / 4.0)
-        let accel = neighbors.iter().map(|(pos, _)| pos.extend(0.0)).fold(
+            .iter()
-            Vec3::ZERO,
+            .filter_map(|(pos, entt)| {
-            |accumulator, neighbor| {
+                // Skip self-comparison. A boid should not try to separate from itself.
-                let force = separation_force(boid_transform.translation.xy(), neighbor.xy())
+                let entt = entt
-                    .unwrap_or_default();
+                    .expect("within_distance gave me an entity... with no entity ID... somehow");
-                accumulator + *force * SEPARATION_FACTOR
+                if this_entt == entt {
-            },
+                    None
-        );
+                } else {
-        boid_acceleration.0 += accel;
+                    Some(pos.extend(0.0))
+                }
+            })
+            .fold(Vec3::ZERO, |acc, other| {
+                // let force = tsfm.translation - other;
+                let force = separation_force(tsfm.translation.xy(), other.xy()).expect("angy");
+                acc + force.0
+            });
+        force.0 += impulse * SEPARATION_FACTOR;
     }
 }
 
 fn alignment(
     spatial_tree: Res<KDTree2<TrackedByKdTree>>,
-    mut boids: Query<(&Transform, &Velocity, &mut Force), With<Boid>>,
+    mut boids: Query<(Entity, &Transform, &mut Force), With<Boid>>,
     boid_velocities: Query<&Velocity, With<Boid>>,
 ) {
     // for each boid
@@ -234,27 +232,36 @@ fn alignment(
     //      perpendicular so that magnitude is constant
     // apply steering force
 
-    for (transform, velocity, mut acceleration) in &mut boids {
+    for (this_entt, transform, mut force) in &mut boids {
         let neighbors = spatial_tree.within_distance(transform.translation.xy(), BOID_VIEW_RANGE);
         // averaging divides by length. Guard against an empty set of neighbors
-        // so that we don't divide by zero.
+        let (len, sum) = neighbors
-        if neighbors.len() > 0 {
+            .iter()
-            if let Some(avg_velocity) =
+            // Extract the velocities by `get()`ing from another query param.
-                velocity_of_boids(neighbors.iter().map(|(vel, opt_entity)| {
+            .filter_map(|(_pos, maybe_entt)| {
-                    // I've observed no panics in the old version, nor the debug_plugins version
+                let entt = maybe_entt
-                    // I'm not clear on the conditions that cause a None option, but I want to
+                    .expect("Neighbor boid has no Entity ID. I don't know what this means");
-                    // crash when I find one.
+                if this_entt == entt {
-                    let entity_id = opt_entity.unwrap_or_else(|| panic!("Boid has no Entity ID!"));
+                    None
-                    let vel = boid_velocities
+                } else {
-                        .get(entity_id)
+                    let vel = boid_velocities.get(entt).expect("Boid has no velocity!");
-                        .unwrap_or_else(|_| panic!("Boid has no velocity!"));
+                    Some(vel.xy())
-                    (*vel).xy()
-                }))
-            {
-                let deviation = -velocity.0 + avg_velocity.extend(0.0);
-                acceleration.0 += deviation * ALIGNMENT_FACTOR;
-            }
                 }
+            })
+            .enumerate()
+            .fold((0, Vec2::ZERO), |(_len, vel_acc), (idx, vel)| {
+                (idx, vel_acc + vel)
+            });
+
+        // Skip to next boid if the current one has no neighbors.
+        let avg = if len > 0 {
+            sum / ((len + 1) as f32)
+        } else {
+            continue;
+        };
+
+        let boid_vel = boid_velocities.get(this_entt).unwrap();
+        force.0 += (avg.extend(0.0) - boid_vel.0) * ALIGNMENT_FACTOR;
     }
 }
 
@@ -267,18 +274,9 @@ pub(crate) fn velocity_of_boids(points: impl Iterator<Item = Vec2>) -> Option<Ve
 }
 
 fn average_of_vec2s(points: impl Iterator<Item = Vec2>) -> Option<Vec2> {
-    // Average the points by summing them all together, and dividing by
+    let (len, sum) = points
-    // the total count.
+        .enumerate()
-    // Passing the points as an iterator means we lose the length of the
+        .fold((0, Vec2::ZERO), |(_len, sum), (idx, point)| {
-    // list. The `.enumerate()` iterator reintroduces that count.
-    let mut points = points.enumerate();
-
-    // Empty iterators have no points and so no center of mass.
-    // Try to get the first one, but exit with None if it doesn't yield.
-    let init = points.next()?;
-
-    // if we get one, fold all the remaining values into it.
-    let (len, sum) = points.fold(init, |(len, sum), (idx, point)| {
             // replace length with most recent index
             // add running sum & new point for new running sum
             (idx, sum + point)
@@ -329,9 +327,9 @@ fn separation_force(boid: Vec2, target: Vec2) -> Option<Force> {
 mod tests {
     use bevy::prelude::*;
 
-    use crate::birdoids_plugin::{cohesive_force, separation_force};
+    use crate::birdoids::{cohesive_force, separation_force};
 
-    use super::{Force, BOID_VIEW_RANGE};
+    use super::{BOID_VIEW_RANGE, physics::Force};
 
     // forces are relative to the boid's view range, so all
     // distances need to be fractions of that

src/birdoids/physics.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+use bevy::prelude::*;
+
+#[derive(Component, Default, Deref, DerefMut)]
+pub struct Velocity(pub Vec3);
+
+#[derive(Component, Default, Deref, DerefMut, PartialEq, Debug)]
+pub struct Force(pub Vec3);
+
+pub fn apply_velocity(
+    mut query: Query<(&mut Transform, &mut Velocity, &mut Force)>,
+    time: Res<Time>,
+) {
+    for (mut transform, mut velocity, mut force) in &mut query {
+        // integrate forces into new velocity (assume mass of 1kg)
+        let delta_v = **force * time.delta_secs();
+        velocity.0 += delta_v;
+        force.0 = Vec3::ZERO; // clear force value
+
+        // integrate velocity into position
+        let delta_p = **velocity * time.delta_secs();
+        transform.translation += delta_p;
+    }
+}

src/debug_plugin.rs

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
-use bevy::{prelude::*, sprite::MaterialMesh2dBundle, window::PrimaryWindow};
+use bevy::{prelude::*, window::PrimaryWindow};
-use bevy_spatial::{kdtree::KDTree2, SpatialAccess};
+use bevy_spatial::{SpatialAccess, kdtree::KDTree2};
 
-use crate::birdoids_plugin::{
+use crate::birdoids::{
-    center_of_boids, velocity_of_boids, Boid, Force, TrackedByKdTree, Velocity,
+    Boid, TrackedByKdTree, center_of_boids, physics::Force, physics::Velocity, velocity_of_boids,
 };
 
 const SCANRADIUS: f32 = 50.0;
@@ -22,13 +22,8 @@ fn setup(
 ) {
     commands.spawn((
         ScannerWidget::default(),
-        MaterialMesh2dBundle {
+        Mesh2d(meshes.add(Annulus::new(SCANRADIUS - 1.0, SCANRADIUS))),
-            mesh: meshes
+        MeshMaterial2d(materials.add(Color::srgb(0.0, 0.0, 0.0))),
-                .add(Annulus::new(SCANRADIUS - 1.0, SCANRADIUS))
-                .into(),
-            material: materials.add(Color::srgb(0.0, 0.0, 0.0)),
-            ..default()
-        },
     ));
 }
 
@@ -71,8 +66,8 @@ fn update_cursor(
 ) {
     // I'm trusting that only one thing has the `Cursor` component
     // It's defined here in this module, so that *should* be the case...
-    let win = window.get_single().unwrap();
+    let win = window.single().unwrap();
-    let (cam, cam_transform) = camera.get_single().unwrap();
+    let (cam, cam_transform) = camera.single().unwrap();
     // the cursor might not be on the window. Only adjust position when it is.
     if let Some(cursor_pos_in_window) = win.cursor_position() {
         // transform the window position into world space
@@ -81,7 +76,7 @@ fn update_cursor(
         let cursor_in_world = cam
             .viewport_to_world_2d(cam_transform, cursor_pos_in_window)
             .unwrap();
-        let mut cursor = cursor_query.get_single_mut().unwrap();
+        let mut cursor = cursor_query.single_mut().unwrap();
         cursor.translation = cursor_in_world.extend(0.0);
     }
 }
@@ -94,7 +89,7 @@ fn update_scanner_mode(
     mut scanner_query: Query<(&mut SelectionMode, &mut ScannerMode), With<Cursor>>,
 ) {
     // I'm making another assertion that there is exactly one scanner.
-    let (mut select_mode, mut scan_mode) = scanner_query.get_single_mut().unwrap();
+    let (mut select_mode, mut scan_mode) = scanner_query.single_mut().unwrap();
 
     // Assign selection mode
     if keycodes.just_pressed(KeyCode::Digit1) {
@@ -112,7 +107,7 @@ fn update_scanner_mode(
 }
 
 fn print_gizmo_config(query: Query<(&SelectionMode, &ScannerMode), With<Cursor>>) {
-    let (select, scan) = query.get_single().unwrap();
+    let (select, scan) = query.single().unwrap();
     println!("Selection: {select:?}, Scanning: {scan:?}");
 }
 
@@ -123,7 +118,7 @@ fn do_scan(
     /* Push info to summary somewhere */
     mut gizmos: Gizmos,
 ) {
-    let (cursor_pos, select_mode, scan_mode) = scanner_query.get_single().unwrap();
+    let (cursor_pos, select_mode, scan_mode) = scanner_query.single().unwrap();
     match select_mode {
         SelectionMode::NearestSingle => todo!(),
         SelectionMode::CircularArea => {

src/main.rs

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 use bevy::prelude::*;
 
-mod birdoids_plugin;
+mod birdoids;
 mod debug_plugin;
 
-use birdoids_plugin::BoidsPlugin;
+use birdoids::BoidsPlugin;
 use debug_plugin::BoidsDebugPlugin;
 
 fn main() {