Split crate into lib and bin chunks

I'm going to be doing some silly WASM and ES Module stuff here shortly,
so I need a cdylib. This means I'll need the crate to actually have a
library in it.

.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+/target

Cargo.toml

@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
 [package]
 name = "rustpt"
-version = "0.1.0"
+version = "1.0.0"
-edition = "2021"
+edition = "2024"
+license = "AGPL-3.0-only"
 
 # See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html
 
 [dependencies]
-rand = { version = "0.8.5", features = ["small_rng"] }
+rand = { version = "0.9", features = ["small_rng"] }
-itertools = { version = "0.11.0" }
+itertools = { version = "0.14" }

LICENSE

@@ -0,0 +1,661 @@
+                    GNU AFFERO GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
+                       Version 3, 19 November 2007
+
+ Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. <https://fsf.org/>
+ Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
+ of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
+
+                            Preamble
+
+  The GNU Affero General Public License is a free, copyleft license for
+software and other kinds of works, specifically designed to ensure
+cooperation with the community in the case of network server software.
+
+  The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed
+to take away your freedom to share and change the works.  By contrast,
+our General Public Licenses are intended to guarantee your freedom to
+share and change all versions of a program--to make sure it remains free
+software for all its users.
+
+  When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
+price.  Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
+have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
+them if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it if you
+want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new
+free programs, and that you know you can do these things.
+
+  Developers that use our General Public Licenses protect your rights
+with two steps: (1) assert copyright on the software, and (2) offer
+you this License which gives you legal permission to copy, distribute
+and/or modify the software.
+
+  A secondary benefit of defending all users' freedom is that
+improvements made in alternate versions of the program, if they
+receive widespread use, become available for other developers to
+incorporate.  Many developers of free software are heartened and
+encouraged by the resulting cooperation.  However, in the case of
+software used on network servers, this result may fail to come about.
+The GNU General Public License permits making a modified version and
+letting the public access it on a server without ever releasing its
+source code to the public.
+
+  The GNU Affero General Public License is designed specifically to
+ensure that, in such cases, the modified source code becomes available
+to the community.  It requires the operator of a network server to
+provide the source code of the modified version running there to the
+users of that server.  Therefore, public use of a modified version, on
+a publicly accessible server, gives the public access to the source
+code of the modified version.
+
+  An older license, called the Affero General Public License and
+published by Affero, was designed to accomplish similar goals.  This is
+a different license, not a version of the Affero GPL, but Affero has
+released a new version of the Affero GPL which permits relicensing under
+this license.
+
+  The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
+modification follow.
+
+                       TERMS AND CONDITIONS
+
+  0. Definitions.
+
+  "This License" refers to version 3 of the GNU Affero General Public License.
+
+  "Copyright" also means copyright-like laws that apply to other kinds of
+works, such as semiconductor masks.
+
+  "The Program" refers to any copyrightable work licensed under this
+License.  Each licensee is addressed as "you".  "Licensees" and
+"recipients" may be individuals or organizations.
+
+  To "modify" a work means to copy from or adapt all or part of the work
+in a fashion requiring copyright permission, other than the making of an
+exact copy.  The resulting work is called a "modified version" of the
+earlier work or a work "based on" the earlier work.
+
+  A "covered work" means either the unmodified Program or a work based
+on the Program.
+
+  To "propagate" a work means to do anything with it that, without
+permission, would make you directly or secondarily liable for
+infringement under applicable copyright law, except executing it on a
+computer or modifying a private copy.  Propagation includes copying,
+distribution (with or without modification), making available to the
+public, and in some countries other activities as well.
+
+  To "convey" a work means any kind of propagation that enables other
+parties to make or receive copies.  Mere interaction with a user through
+a computer network, with no transfer of a copy, is not conveying.
+
+  An interactive user interface displays "Appropriate Legal Notices"
+to the extent that it includes a convenient and prominently visible
+feature that (1) displays an appropriate copyright notice, and (2)
+tells the user that there is no warranty for the work (except to the
+extent that warranties are provided), that licensees may convey the
+work under this License, and how to view a copy of this License.  If
+the interface presents a list of user commands or options, such as a
+menu, a prominent item in the list meets this criterion.
+
+  1. Source Code.
+
+  The "source code" for a work means the preferred form of the work
+for making modifications to it.  "Object code" means any non-source
+form of a work.
+
+  A "Standard Interface" means an interface that either is an official
+standard defined by a recognized standards body, or, in the case of
+interfaces specified for a particular programming language, one that
+is widely used among developers working in that language.
+
+  The "System Libraries" of an executable work include anything, other
+than the work as a whole, that (a) is included in the normal form of
+packaging a Major Component, but which is not part of that Major
+Component, and (b) serves only to enable use of the work with that
+Major Component, or to implement a Standard Interface for which an
+implementation is available to the public in source code form.  A
+"Major Component", in this context, means a major essential component
+(kernel, window system, and so on) of the specific operating system
+(if any) on which the executable work runs, or a compiler used to
+produce the work, or an object code interpreter used to run it.
+
+  The "Corresponding Source" for a work in object code form means all
+the source code needed to generate, install, and (for an executable
+work) run the object code and to modify the work, including scripts to
+control those activities.  However, it does not include the work's
+System Libraries, or general-purpose tools or generally available free
+programs which are used unmodified in performing those activities but
+which are not part of the work.  For example, Corresponding Source
+includes interface definition files associated with source files for
+the work, and the source code for shared libraries and dynamically
+linked subprograms that the work is specifically designed to require,
+such as by intimate data communication or control flow between those
+subprograms and other parts of the work.
+
+  The Corresponding Source need not include anything that users
+can regenerate automatically from other parts of the Corresponding
+Source.
+
+  The Corresponding Source for a work in source code form is that
+same work.
+
+  2. Basic Permissions.
+
+  All rights granted under this License are granted for the term of
+copyright on the Program, and are irrevocable provided the stated
+conditions are met.  This License explicitly affirms your unlimited
+permission to run the unmodified Program.  The output from running a
+covered work is covered by this License only if the output, given its
+content, constitutes a covered work.  This License acknowledges your
+rights of fair use or other equivalent, as provided by copyright law.
+
+  You may make, run and propagate covered works that you do not
+convey, without conditions so long as your license otherwise remains
+in force.  You may convey covered works to others for the sole purpose
+of having them make modifications exclusively for you, or provide you
+with facilities for running those works, provided that you comply with
+the terms of this License in conveying all material for which you do
+not control copyright.  Those thus making or running the covered works
+for you must do so exclusively on your behalf, under your direction
+and control, on terms that prohibit them from making any copies of
+your copyrighted material outside their relationship with you.
+
+  Conveying under any other circumstances is permitted solely under
+the conditions stated below.  Sublicensing is not allowed; section 10
+makes it unnecessary.
+
+  3. Protecting Users' Legal Rights From Anti-Circumvention Law.
+
+  No covered work shall be deemed part of an effective technological
+measure under any applicable law fulfilling obligations under article
+11 of the WIPO copyright treaty adopted on 20 December 1996, or
+similar laws prohibiting or restricting circumvention of such
+measures.
+
+  When you convey a covered work, you waive any legal power to forbid
+circumvention of technological measures to the extent such circumvention
+is effected by exercising rights under this License with respect to
+the covered work, and you disclaim any intention to limit operation or
+modification of the work as a means of enforcing, against the work's
+users, your or third parties' legal rights to forbid circumvention of
+technological measures.
+
+  4. Conveying Verbatim Copies.
+
+  You may convey verbatim copies of the Program's source code as you
+receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously and
+appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice;
+keep intact all notices stating that this License and any
+non-permissive terms added in accord with section 7 apply to the code;
+keep intact all notices of the absence of any warranty; and give all
+recipients a copy of this License along with the Program.
+
+  You may charge any price or no price for each copy that you convey,
+and you may offer support or warranty protection for a fee.
+
+  5. Conveying Modified Source Versions.
+
+  You may convey a work based on the Program, or the modifications to
+produce it from the Program, in the form of source code under the
+terms of section 4, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:
+
+    a) The work must carry prominent notices stating that you modified
+    it, and giving a relevant date.
+
+    b) The work must carry prominent notices stating that it is
+    released under this License and any conditions added under section
+    7.  This requirement modifies the requirement in section 4 to
+    "keep intact all notices".
+
+    c) You must license the entire work, as a whole, under this
+    License to anyone who comes into possession of a copy.  This
+    License will therefore apply, along with any applicable section 7
+    additional terms, to the whole of the work, and all its parts,
+    regardless of how they are packaged.  This License gives no
+    permission to license the work in any other way, but it does not
+    invalidate such permission if you have separately received it.
+
+    d) If the work has interactive user interfaces, each must display
+    Appropriate Legal Notices; however, if the Program has interactive
+    interfaces that do not display Appropriate Legal Notices, your
+    work need not make them do so.
+
+  A compilation of a covered work with other separate and independent
+works, which are not by their nature extensions of the covered work,
+and which are not combined with it such as to form a larger program,
+in or on a volume of a storage or distribution medium, is called an
+"aggregate" if the compilation and its resulting copyright are not
+used to limit the access or legal rights of the compilation's users
+beyond what the individual works permit.  Inclusion of a covered work
+in an aggregate does not cause this License to apply to the other
+parts of the aggregate.
+
+  6. Conveying Non-Source Forms.
+
+  You may convey a covered work in object code form under the terms
+of sections 4 and 5, provided that you also convey the
+machine-readable Corresponding Source under the terms of this License,
+in one of these ways:
+
+    a) Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product
+    (including a physical distribution medium), accompanied by the
+    Corresponding Source fixed on a durable physical medium
+    customarily used for software interchange.
+
+    b) Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product
+    (including a physical distribution medium), accompanied by a
+    written offer, valid for at least three years and valid for as
+    long as you offer spare parts or customer support for that product
+    model, to give anyone who possesses the object code either (1) a
+    copy of the Corresponding Source for all the software in the
+    product that is covered by this License, on a durable physical
+    medium customarily used for software interchange, for a price no
+    more than your reasonable cost of physically performing this
+    conveying of source, or (2) access to copy the
+    Corresponding Source from a network server at no charge.
+
+    c) Convey individual copies of the object code with a copy of the
+    written offer to provide the Corresponding Source.  This
+    alternative is allowed only occasionally and noncommercially, and
+    only if you received the object code with such an offer, in accord
+    with subsection 6b.
+
+    d) Convey the object code by offering access from a designated
+    place (gratis or for a charge), and offer equivalent access to the
+    Corresponding Source in the same way through the same place at no
+    further charge.  You need not require recipients to copy the
+    Corresponding Source along with the object code.  If the place to
+    copy the object code is a network server, the Corresponding Source
+    may be on a different server (operated by you or a third party)
+    that supports equivalent copying facilities, provided you maintain
+    clear directions next to the object code saying where to find the
+    Corresponding Source.  Regardless of what server hosts the
+    Corresponding Source, you remain obligated to ensure that it is
+    available for as long as needed to satisfy these requirements.
+
+    e) Convey the object code using peer-to-peer transmission, provided
+    you inform other peers where the object code and Corresponding
+    Source of the work are being offered to the general public at no
+    charge under subsection 6d.
+
+  A separable portion of the object code, whose source code is excluded
+from the Corresponding Source as a System Library, need not be
+included in conveying the object code work.
+
+  A "User Product" is either (1) a "consumer product", which means any
+tangible personal property which is normally used for personal, family,
+or household purposes, or (2) anything designed or sold for incorporation
+into a dwelling.  In determining whether a product is a consumer product,
+doubtful cases shall be resolved in favor of coverage.  For a particular
+product received by a particular user, "normally used" refers to a
+typical or common use of that class of product, regardless of the status
+of the particular user or of the way in which the particular user
+actually uses, or expects or is expected to use, the product.  A product
+is a consumer product regardless of whether the product has substantial
+commercial, industrial or non-consumer uses, unless such uses represent
+the only significant mode of use of the product.
+
+  "Installation Information" for a User Product means any methods,
+procedures, authorization keys, or other information required to install
+and execute modified versions of a covered work in that User Product from
+a modified version of its Corresponding Source.  The information must
+suffice to ensure that the continued functioning of the modified object
+code is in no case prevented or interfered with solely because
+modification has been made.
+
+  If you convey an object code work under this section in, or with, or
+specifically for use in, a User Product, and the conveying occurs as
+part of a transaction in which the right of possession and use of the
+User Product is transferred to the recipient in perpetuity or for a
+fixed term (regardless of how the transaction is characterized), the
+Corresponding Source conveyed under this section must be accompanied
+by the Installation Information.  But this requirement does not apply
+if neither you nor any third party retains the ability to install
+modified object code on the User Product (for example, the work has
+been installed in ROM).
+
+  The requirement to provide Installation Information does not include a
+requirement to continue to provide support service, warranty, or updates
+for a work that has been modified or installed by the recipient, or for
+the User Product in which it has been modified or installed.  Access to a
+network may be denied when the modification itself materially and
+adversely affects the operation of the network or violates the rules and
+protocols for communication across the network.
+
+  Corresponding Source conveyed, and Installation Information provided,
+in accord with this section must be in a format that is publicly
+documented (and with an implementation available to the public in
+source code form), and must require no special password or key for
+unpacking, reading or copying.
+
+  7. Additional Terms.
+
+  "Additional permissions" are terms that supplement the terms of this
+License by making exceptions from one or more of its conditions.
+Additional permissions that are applicable to the entire Program shall
+be treated as though they were included in this License, to the extent
+that they are valid under applicable law.  If additional permissions
+apply only to part of the Program, that part may be used separately
+under those permissions, but the entire Program remains governed by
+this License without regard to the additional permissions.
+
+  When you convey a copy of a covered work, you may at your option
+remove any additional permissions from that copy, or from any part of
+it.  (Additional permissions may be written to require their own
+removal in certain cases when you modify the work.)  You may place
+additional permissions on material, added by you to a covered work,
+for which you have or can give appropriate copyright permission.
+
+  Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, for material you
+add to a covered work, you may (if authorized by the copyright holders of
+that material) supplement the terms of this License with terms:
+
+    a) Disclaiming warranty or limiting liability differently from the
+    terms of sections 15 and 16 of this License; or
+
+    b) Requiring preservation of specified reasonable legal notices or
+    author attributions in that material or in the Appropriate Legal
+    Notices displayed by works containing it; or
+
+    c) Prohibiting misrepresentation of the origin of that material, or
+    requiring that modified versions of such material be marked in
+    reasonable ways as different from the original version; or
+
+    d) Limiting the use for publicity purposes of names of licensors or
+    authors of the material; or
+
+    e) Declining to grant rights under trademark law for use of some
+    trade names, trademarks, or service marks; or
+
+    f) Requiring indemnification of licensors and authors of that
+    material by anyone who conveys the material (or modified versions of
+    it) with contractual assumptions of liability to the recipient, for
+    any liability that these contractual assumptions directly impose on
+    those licensors and authors.
+
+  All other non-permissive additional terms are considered "further
+restrictions" within the meaning of section 10.  If the Program as you
+received it, or any part of it, contains a notice stating that it is
+governed by this License along with a term that is a further
+restriction, you may remove that term.  If a license document contains
+a further restriction but permits relicensing or conveying under this
+License, you may add to a covered work material governed by the terms
+of that license document, provided that the further restriction does
+not survive such relicensing or conveying.
+
+  If you add terms to a covered work in accord with this section, you
+must place, in the relevant source files, a statement of the
+additional terms that apply to those files, or a notice indicating
+where to find the applicable terms.
+
+  Additional terms, permissive or non-permissive, may be stated in the
+form of a separately written license, or stated as exceptions;
+the above requirements apply either way.
+
+  8. Termination.
+
+  You may not propagate or modify a covered work except as expressly
+provided under this License.  Any attempt otherwise to propagate or
+modify it is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under
+this License (including any patent licenses granted under the third
+paragraph of section 11).
+
+  However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your
+license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a)
+provisionally, unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and
+finally terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright
+holder fails to notify you of the violation by some reasonable means
+prior to 60 days after the cessation.
+
+  Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is
+reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the
+violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have
+received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from that
+copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days after
+your receipt of the notice.
+
+  Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the
+licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under
+this License.  If your rights have been terminated and not permanently
+reinstated, you do not qualify to receive new licenses for the same
+material under section 10.
+
+  9. Acceptance Not Required for Having Copies.
+
+  You are not required to accept this License in order to receive or
+run a copy of the Program.  Ancillary propagation of a covered work
+occurring solely as a consequence of using peer-to-peer transmission
+to receive a copy likewise does not require acceptance.  However,
+nothing other than this License grants you permission to propagate or
+modify any covered work.  These actions infringe copyright if you do
+not accept this License.  Therefore, by modifying or propagating a
+covered work, you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so.
+
+  10. Automatic Licensing of Downstream Recipients.
+
+  Each time you convey a covered work, the recipient automatically
+receives a license from the original licensors, to run, modify and
+propagate that work, subject to this License.  You are not responsible
+for enforcing compliance by third parties with this License.
+
+  An "entity transaction" is a transaction transferring control of an
+organization, or substantially all assets of one, or subdividing an
+organization, or merging organizations.  If propagation of a covered
+work results from an entity transaction, each party to that
+transaction who receives a copy of the work also receives whatever
+licenses to the work the party's predecessor in interest had or could
+give under the previous paragraph, plus a right to possession of the
+Corresponding Source of the work from the predecessor in interest, if
+the predecessor has it or can get it with reasonable efforts.
+
+  You may not impose any further restrictions on the exercise of the
+rights granted or affirmed under this License.  For example, you may
+not impose a license fee, royalty, or other charge for exercise of
+rights granted under this License, and you may not initiate litigation
+(including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that
+any patent claim is infringed by making, using, selling, offering for
+sale, or importing the Program or any portion of it.
+
+  11. Patents.
+
+  A "contributor" is a copyright holder who authorizes use under this
+License of the Program or a work on which the Program is based.  The
+work thus licensed is called the contributor's "contributor version".
+
+  A contributor's "essential patent claims" are all patent claims
+owned or controlled by the contributor, whether already acquired or
+hereafter acquired, that would be infringed by some manner, permitted
+by this License, of making, using, or selling its contributor version,
+but do not include claims that would be infringed only as a
+consequence of further modification of the contributor version.  For
+purposes of this definition, "control" includes the right to grant
+patent sublicenses in a manner consistent with the requirements of
+this License.
+
+  Each contributor grants you a non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free
+patent license under the contributor's essential patent claims, to
+make, use, sell, offer for sale, import and otherwise run, modify and
+propagate the contents of its contributor version.
+
+  In the following three paragraphs, a "patent license" is any express
+agreement or commitment, however denominated, not to enforce a patent
+(such as an express permission to practice a patent or covenant not to
+sue for patent infringement).  To "grant" such a patent license to a
+party means to make such an agreement or commitment not to enforce a
+patent against the party.
+
+  If you convey a covered work, knowingly relying on a patent license,
+and the Corresponding Source of the work is not available for anyone
+to copy, free of charge and under the terms of this License, through a
+publicly available network server or other readily accessible means,
+then you must either (1) cause the Corresponding Source to be so
+available, or (2) arrange to deprive yourself of the benefit of the
+patent license for this particular work, or (3) arrange, in a manner
+consistent with the requirements of this License, to extend the patent
+license to downstream recipients.  "Knowingly relying" means you have
+actual knowledge that, but for the patent license, your conveying the
+covered work in a country, or your recipient's use of the covered work
+in a country, would infringe one or more identifiable patents in that
+country that you have reason to believe are valid.
+
+  If, pursuant to or in connection with a single transaction or
+arrangement, you convey, or propagate by procuring conveyance of, a
+covered work, and grant a patent license to some of the parties
+receiving the covered work authorizing them to use, propagate, modify
+or convey a specific copy of the covered work, then the patent license
+you grant is automatically extended to all recipients of the covered
+work and works based on it.
+
+  A patent license is "discriminatory" if it does not include within
+the scope of its coverage, prohibits the exercise of, or is
+conditioned on the non-exercise of one or more of the rights that are
+specifically granted under this License.  You may not convey a covered
+work if you are a party to an arrangement with a third party that is
+in the business of distributing software, under which you make payment
+to the third party based on the extent of your activity of conveying
+the work, and under which the third party grants, to any of the
+parties who would receive the covered work from you, a discriminatory
+patent license (a) in connection with copies of the covered work
+conveyed by you (or copies made from those copies), or (b) primarily
+for and in connection with specific products or compilations that
+contain the covered work, unless you entered into that arrangement,
+or that patent license was granted, prior to 28 March 2007.
+
+  Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting
+any implied license or other defenses to infringement that may
+otherwise be available to you under applicable patent law.
+
+  12. No Surrender of Others' Freedom.
+
+  If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
+otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
+excuse you from the conditions of this License.  If you cannot convey a
+covered work so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this
+License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may
+not convey it at all.  For example, if you agree to terms that obligate you
+to collect a royalty for further conveying from those to whom you convey
+the Program, the only way you could satisfy both those terms and this
+License would be to refrain entirely from conveying the Program.
+
+  13. Remote Network Interaction; Use with the GNU General Public License.
+
+  Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, if you modify the
+Program, your modified version must prominently offer all users
+interacting with it remotely through a computer network (if your version
+supports such interaction) an opportunity to receive the Corresponding
+Source of your version by providing access to the Corresponding Source
+from a network server at no charge, through some standard or customary
+means of facilitating copying of software.  This Corresponding Source
+shall include the Corresponding Source for any work covered by version 3
+of the GNU General Public License that is incorporated pursuant to the
+following paragraph.
+
+  Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have
+permission to link or combine any covered work with a work licensed
+under version 3 of the GNU General Public License into a single
+combined work, and to convey the resulting work.  The terms of this
+License will continue to apply to the part which is the covered work,
+but the work with which it is combined will remain governed by version
+3 of the GNU General Public License.
+
+  14. Revised Versions of this License.
+
+  The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of
+the GNU Affero General Public License from time to time.  Such new versions
+will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
+address new problems or concerns.
+
+  Each version is given a distinguishing version number.  If the
+Program specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU Affero General
+Public License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the
+option of following the terms and conditions either of that numbered
+version or of any later version published by the Free Software
+Foundation.  If the Program does not specify a version number of the
+GNU Affero General Public License, you may choose any version ever published
+by the Free Software Foundation.
+
+  If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future
+versions of the GNU Affero General Public License can be used, that proxy's
+public statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you
+to choose that version for the Program.
+
+  Later license versions may give you additional or different
+permissions.  However, no additional obligations are imposed on any
+author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a
+later version.
+
+  15. Disclaimer of Warranty.
+
+  THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY
+APPLICABLE LAW.  EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT
+HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY
+OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
+THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
+PURPOSE.  THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM
+IS WITH YOU.  SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF
+ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
+
+  16. Limitation of Liability.
+
+  IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
+WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS
+THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY
+GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE
+USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF
+DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD
+PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS),
+EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+SUCH DAMAGES.
+
+  17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16.
+
+  If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided
+above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms,
+reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates
+an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the
+Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a
+copy of the Program in return for a fee.
+
+                     END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
+
+            How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
+
+  If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
+possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
+free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
+
+  To do so, attach the following notices to the program.  It is safest
+to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
+state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
+the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
+
+    <one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
+    Copyright (C) <year>  <name of author>
+
+    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+    along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
+
+  If your software can interact with users remotely through a computer
+network, you should also make sure that it provides a way for users to
+get its source.  For example, if your program is a web application, its
+interface could display a "Source" link that leads users to an archive
+of the code.  There are many ways you could offer source, and different
+solutions will be better for different programs; see section 13 for the
+specific requirements.
+
+  You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school,
+if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary.
+For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU AGPL, see
+<https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

src/lib.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+pub mod primitives;
+pub mod renderer;
+pub mod scene;

src/main.rs

@@ -1,37 +1,22 @@
+use rustpt::primitives::{Vec2i, Vec3};
+use rustpt::scene::{Camera, Scene};
 
-mod primitives;
+use rustpt::renderer::{RenderProperties, Tile};
-mod scene;
-mod renderer;
-
-use crate::primitives::{
-    Vec2i,
-    Vec3,
-};
-use crate::scene::{
-    Camera,
-    Scene
-};
-
-use crate::renderer::{
-    Tile,
-    RenderProperties,
-};
 
 use rand::SeedableRng;
 use rand::rngs::SmallRng;
 
-
 fn main() {
     // image
     let aspect_ratio = 3.0 / 2.0;
     let image = Vec2i {
         x: 400,
-        y: (400.0 / aspect_ratio) as i32
+        y: (400.0 / aspect_ratio) as i32,
     };
 
     let render_config = RenderProperties {
         samples: 10,
-        bounces: 50
+        bounces: 50,
     };
 
     // random generator
@@ -40,21 +25,21 @@ fn main() {
     // Scene (now includes camera)
     let scene = Scene {
         camera: Camera::new(
-            Vec3::new(13.0, 2.0, 3.0), // lookfrom
+            Vec3::new(13.0, 2.0, 3.0),  // lookfrom
-            Vec3::zero(), // lookat
+            Vec3::ZERO,                 // lookat
-            Vec3::new(0.0, 1.0, 0.0), // vup
+            Vec3::UP,                   // vup
             20.0,
-            aspect_ratio, 
+            aspect_ratio,
-            0.1, // aperture
+            0.1,  // aperture
             10.0, // dist_to_focus
         ),
-        world: Scene::random_world(&mut small_rng)
+        world: Scene::random_world(&mut small_rng),
     };
-    
+
     // render
     // The render loop should now be a job submission mechanism
     // Iterate lines, submitting them as tasks to the thread.
-	println!("P3\n{} {}\n255", image.x, image.y);
+    println!("P3\n{} {}\n255", image.x, image.y);
     // TILE BASED RENDERER
     // let tile = Tile::render_tile(
     //     Rect { x: 0, y: 0, w: image.x, h: image.y },

src/primitives.rs

@@ -1,106 +1,110 @@
-
-use std::ops::{
-    Add,
-    AddAssign,
-    Sub,
-    SubAssign,
-    Mul,
-    MulAssign,
-    Div,
-    DivAssign,
-    Neg,
-};
 use std::fmt;
 use std::fmt::Display;
+use std::ops::{Add, AddAssign, Div, DivAssign, Mul, MulAssign, Neg, Sub, SubAssign};
 
 use rand::Rng;
+use rand::distr::Uniform;
 use rand::rngs::SmallRng;
-use rand::distributions::Uniform;
 
 pub type Vec2i = Vec2<i32>;
 pub type Vec2f = Vec2<f32>;
 
-#[derive (Clone, Copy, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Debug)]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Debug)]
-pub struct Vec2<T>{
+pub struct Vec2<T> {
     pub x: T,
     pub y: T,
 }
 
-
 impl Vec2<f32> {
     pub fn zero() -> Vec2<f32> {
-        Vec2{ x: 0.0, y: 0.0 }
+        Vec2 { x: 0.0, y: 0.0 }
     }
 
     pub fn ones() -> Vec2<f32> {
-        Vec2{ x: 1.0, y: 1.0 }
+        Vec2 { x: 1.0, y: 1.0 }
     }
 
     pub fn rand(srng: &mut SmallRng, distrib: Uniform<f32>) -> Vec2<f32> {
-        Vec2 { x: srng.sample(distrib), y: srng.sample(distrib) }
+        Vec2 {
+            x: srng.sample(distrib),
+            y: srng.sample(distrib),
+        }
     }
-
 }
 
-impl <T> Vec2<T> 
+impl<T> Vec2<T>
-where T: std::ops::Mul{
+where
+    T: std::ops::Mul,
+{
     pub fn new(x: T, y: T) -> Vec2<T> {
-        Vec2{x, y}
+        Vec2 { x, y }
     }
 }
 
-impl <T> Add for Vec2 <T>
+impl<T> Add for Vec2<T>
-where T: std::ops::Add<Output = T>{
+where
+    T: std::ops::Add<Output = T>,
+{
     type Output = Vec2<T>;
     fn add(self, other: Vec2<T>) -> Vec2<T> {
-        Vec2 { x: self.x + other.x, y: self.y + other.y }
+        Vec2 {
+            x: self.x + other.x,
+            y: self.y + other.y,
+        }
     }
 }
 
-impl <T> Mul for Vec2<T> 
+impl<T> Mul for Vec2<T>
-where T: std::ops::Mul<Output = T>{
+where
+    T: std::ops::Mul<Output = T>,
+{
     type Output = Vec2<T>;
     fn mul(self, other: Vec2<T>) -> Vec2<T> {
         Vec2 {
             x: self.x * other.x,
-            y: self.y * other.y
+            y: self.y * other.y,
         }
     }
 }
 
-impl Div<f32> for Vec2<f32>{
+impl Div<f32> for Vec2<f32> {
     type Output = Vec2<f32>;
     fn div(self, other: f32) -> Vec2<f32> {
         Vec2 {
-            x: 1.0/other * self.x,
+            x: 1.0 / other * self.x,
-            y: 1.0/other * self.y
+            y: 1.0 / other * self.y,
         }
     }
 }
 
-impl Div<i32> for Vec2<i32>{
+impl Div<i32> for Vec2<i32> {
     type Output = Vec2<i32>;
     fn div(self, other: i32) -> Vec2<i32> {
         Vec2 {
             x: self.x / other,
-            y: self.y / other
+            y: self.y / other,
         }
     }
 }
 
-impl <T> Div<Vec2<T>> for Vec2<T> 
+impl<T> Div<Vec2<T>> for Vec2<T>
-where T: std::ops::Div<Output = T>{
+where
+    T: std::ops::Div<Output = T>,
+{
     type Output = Vec2<T>;
     fn div(self, other: Vec2<T>) -> Vec2<T> {
         Vec2 {
             x: self.x / other.x,
-            y: self.y / other.y
+            y: self.y / other.y,
         }
     }
 }
 
-impl <T> Display for Vec2<T> 
+impl<T> Display for Vec2<T>
-where T: Display { // nested type still needs to have Display
+where
+    T: Display,
+{
+    // nested type still needs to have Display
     fn fmt(&self, fmt: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
         let str = format!("{} {}", self.x, self.y);
         fmt.write_str(&str)
@@ -108,35 +112,38 @@ where T: Display { // nested type still needs to have Display
 }
 
 #[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Debug)]
-pub struct Vec3{
+pub struct Vec3 {
-	pub x: f32,
+    pub x: f32,
-	pub y: f32,
+    pub y: f32,
-	pub z: f32,
+    pub z: f32,
 }
 
-impl Vec3{
+impl Vec3 {
-	pub fn new(x: f32, y: f32, z: f32) -> Vec3{
+    pub fn new(x: f32, y: f32, z: f32) -> Vec3 {
-		Vec3{x, y, z}
+        Vec3 { x, y, z }
-	}
-
-    pub fn zero() -> Vec3{
-        Vec3{
-            x: 0.0,
-            y: 0.0,
-            z: 0.0,
-        }
     }
 
-    pub fn ones() -> Vec3{
+    pub const ZERO: Self = Vec3 {
-        Vec3 {
+        x: 0.0,
-            x: 1.0,
+        y: 0.0,
-            y: 1.0,
+        z: 0.0,
-            z: 1.0
+    };
-        }
+
-    }
+    pub const ONES: Self = Vec3 {
+        x: 1.0,
+        y: 1.0,
+        z: 1.0,
+    };
+
+    /// "Up" is considered to be positive-y
+    pub const UP: Self = Vec3 {
+        x: 0.0,
+        y: 1.0,
+        z: 0.0,
+    };
 
     pub fn rand(srng: &mut SmallRng, distrib: Uniform<f32>) -> Vec3 {
-        Vec3{
+        Vec3 {
             x: srng.sample(distrib),
             y: srng.sample(distrib),
             z: srng.sample(distrib),
@@ -144,11 +151,14 @@ impl Vec3{
     }
 
     pub fn rand_in_unit_sphere(srng: &mut SmallRng) -> Vec3 {
-        let distrib = Uniform::new(-1.0, 1.0);
+        let distrib = Uniform::new(-1.0, 1.0).unwrap();
         loop {
             let p = Vec3::rand(srng, distrib);
-            if p.length_squared() >= 1.0 { continue; }
+            if p.length_squared() >= 1.0 {
-            else { return p; }
+                continue;
+            } else {
+                return p;
+            }
         }
     }
 
@@ -156,55 +166,54 @@ impl Vec3{
         let distrib = Uniform::new(-1.0, 1.0);
         loop {
             let p = Vec3 {
-                x: srng.sample(distrib),
+                x: srng.sample(distrib.unwrap()),
-                y: srng.sample(distrib),
+                y: srng.sample(distrib.unwrap()),
                 z: 0.0,
             };
-            if p.length_squared() >= 1.0 { continue; }
+            if p.length_squared() >= 1.0 {
-            else { return p; }
+                continue;
+            } else {
+                return p;
+            }
         }
     }
 
     pub fn rand_unit_vector(srng: &mut SmallRng) -> Vec3 {
-        return Vec3::as_unit(Vec3::rand_in_unit_sphere(srng));
+        Vec3::as_unit(Vec3::rand_in_unit_sphere(srng))
     }
 
-	pub fn length(&self) -> f32 {
+    pub fn length(&self) -> f32 {
-		self.length_squared().sqrt()
+        self.length_squared().sqrt()
-	}
+    }
+
+    pub fn length_squared(&self) -> f32 {
+        (self.x * self.x) + (self.y * self.y) + (self.z * self.z)
+    }
 
-	pub fn length_squared(&self) -> f32 {
-		(self.x * self.x) + (self.y * self.y) + (self.z * self.z)
-	}
-    
     // roughly equivalent to the `void write_color(...)` in the book
     pub fn print_ppm(&self, samples_per_pixel: u32) -> String {
-
         let scale = 1.0 / samples_per_pixel as f32;
-        
+
         // now with gamma correction
         let r = (self.x * scale).sqrt();
         let g = (self.y * scale).sqrt();
         let b = (self.z * scale).sqrt();
-        
+
-        let ir = (r.clamp( 0.0, 0.999) * 256.0) as i32;
+        let ir = (r.clamp(0.0, 0.999) * 256.0) as i32;
-        let ig = (g.clamp( 0.0, 0.999) * 256.0) as i32;
+        let ig = (g.clamp(0.0, 0.999) * 256.0) as i32;
-        let ib = (b.clamp( 0.0, 0.999) * 256.0) as i32;
+        let ib = (b.clamp(0.0, 0.999) * 256.0) as i32;
         format!("{} {} {}", ir, ig, ib)
     }
-    
+
     pub fn near_zero(&self) -> bool {
         let epsilon: f32 = 1e-4;
-        return 
+        self.x.abs() < epsilon && self.y.abs() < epsilon && self.z.abs() < epsilon
-            self.x.abs() < epsilon &&
-            self.y.abs() < epsilon &&
-            self.z.abs() < epsilon
     }
-    
+
     pub fn reflect(v: Vec3, n: Vec3) -> Vec3 {
-        return v - n * Vec3::dot(v, n) * 2.0;
+        v - n * Vec3::dot(v, n) * 2.0
     }
-    
+
     pub fn refract(uv: Vec3, n: Vec3, etai_over_etat: f32) -> Vec3 {
         let cos_theta = Vec3::dot(-uv, n).min(1.0);
         let r_out_perp = (uv + n * cos_theta) * etai_over_etat;
@@ -212,156 +221,153 @@ impl Vec3{
         r_out_perp + r_out_parallel
     }
 
-    pub fn dot(left: Vec3, right: Vec3) -> f32{
+    pub fn dot(left: Vec3, right: Vec3) -> f32 {
-        left.x * right.x +
+        left.x * right.x + left.y * right.y + left.z * right.z
-        left.y * right.y +
-        left.z * right.z
     }
-    
+
-    pub fn cross(u: Vec3, v: Vec3) -> Vec3{
+    pub fn cross(u: Vec3, v: Vec3) -> Vec3 {
-        Vec3{
+        Vec3 {
             x: u.y * v.z - u.z * v.y,
             y: u.z * v.x - u.x * v.z,
-            z: u.x * v.y - u.y * v.x
+            z: u.x * v.y - u.y * v.x,
         }
     }
-    
+
     pub fn as_unit(v: Vec3) -> Vec3 {
         let len = v.length();
         v / len
     }
-
 }
 impl Add for Vec3 {
-	type Output = Vec3;
+    type Output = Vec3;
-	fn add(self, other: Vec3) -> Vec3 {
+    fn add(self, other: Vec3) -> Vec3 {
-		Vec3{
+        Vec3 {
-			x: self.x + other.x,
+            x: self.x + other.x,
-			y: self.y + other.y,
+            y: self.y + other.y,
-			z: self.z + other.z,
+            z: self.z + other.z,
-		}
+        }
-	}
+    }
 }
 
 impl AddAssign for Vec3 {
-	fn add_assign(&mut self, other: Vec3){
+    fn add_assign(&mut self, other: Vec3) {
-		*self = Self {
+        *self = Self {
-			x: self.x + other.x,
+            x: self.x + other.x,
-			y: self.y + other.y,
+            y: self.y + other.y,
-			z: self.z + other.z
+            z: self.z + other.z,
-		};
+        };
-	}
+    }
 }
 
 impl Sub for Vec3 {
-	type Output = Vec3;
+    type Output = Vec3;
-	fn sub(self, other: Vec3) -> Vec3 {
+    fn sub(self, other: Vec3) -> Vec3 {
-		Vec3 {
+        Vec3 {
-			x: self.x - other.x,
+            x: self.x - other.x,
-			y: self.y - other.y,
+            y: self.y - other.y,
-			z: self.z - other.z,
+            z: self.z - other.z,
-		}
+        }
-	}
+    }
 }
 
 impl SubAssign for Vec3 {
-	fn sub_assign(&mut self, other: Vec3){
+    fn sub_assign(&mut self, other: Vec3) {
-		*self = Self {
+        *self = Self {
-			x: self.x - other.x,
+            x: self.x - other.x,
-			y: self.y - other.y,
+            y: self.y - other.y,
-			z: self.z - other.z
+            z: self.z - other.z,
-		};
+        };
-	}
+    }
 }
 
 impl Mul<Vec3> for Vec3 {
-	type Output = Vec3;
+    type Output = Vec3;
-	fn mul(self, other: Vec3) -> Vec3 {
+    fn mul(self, other: Vec3) -> Vec3 {
-		Vec3 {
+        Vec3 {
-			x: self.x * other.x,
+            x: self.x * other.x,
-			y: self.y * other.y,
+            y: self.y * other.y,
-			z: self.z * other.z,
+            z: self.z * other.z,
-		}
+        }
-	}
+    }
 }
 
-impl Mul<f32> for Vec3{
+impl Mul<f32> for Vec3 {
-	type Output = Vec3;
+    type Output = Vec3;
-	fn mul(self, other: f32) -> Vec3 {
+    fn mul(self, other: f32) -> Vec3 {
-		Vec3 {
+        Vec3 {
-			x: self.x * other,
+            x: self.x * other,
-			y: self.y * other,
+            y: self.y * other,
-			z: self.z * other,
+            z: self.z * other,
-		}
+        }
-	}
+    }
 }
 
 impl MulAssign<Vec3> for Vec3 {
-	fn mul_assign(&mut self, other: Vec3){
+    fn mul_assign(&mut self, other: Vec3) {
-		*self = Self {
+        *self = Self {
-			x: self.x * other.x,
+            x: self.x * other.x,
-			y: self.y * other.y,
+            y: self.y * other.y,
-			z: self.z * other.z
+            z: self.z * other.z,
-		};
+        };
-	}
+    }
 }
 
-impl MulAssign<f32> for Vec3{
+impl MulAssign<f32> for Vec3 {
-     fn mul_assign(&mut self, other: f32){
+    fn mul_assign(&mut self, other: f32) {
-		*self = Self {
+        *self = Self {
-			x: self.x * other,
+            x: self.x * other,
-			y: self.y * other,
+            y: self.y * other,
-			z: self.z * other
+            z: self.z * other,
-		};
+        };
-	}   
+    }
 }
 
 impl Div<Vec3> for Vec3 {
-	type Output = Vec3;
+    type Output = Vec3;
-	fn div(self, other: Vec3) -> Vec3 {
+    fn div(self, other: Vec3) -> Vec3 {
-		Vec3 {
+        Vec3 {
-			x: self.x / other.x,
+            x: self.x / other.x,
-			y: self.y / other.y,
+            y: self.y / other.y,
-			z: self.z / other.z,
+            z: self.z / other.z,
-		}
+        }
-	}
+    }
 }
 
 impl Div<f32> for Vec3 {
-	type Output = Vec3;
+    type Output = Vec3;
-	fn div(self, other: f32) -> Vec3 {
+    fn div(self, other: f32) -> Vec3 {
-		Vec3 {
+        Vec3 {
-			x: 1.0/other * self.x,
+            x: 1.0 / other * self.x,
-			y: 1.0/other * self.y,
+            y: 1.0 / other * self.y,
-			z: 1.0/other * self.z,
+            z: 1.0 / other * self.z,
-		}
+        }
-	}
+    }
 }
 
 impl DivAssign<Vec3> for Vec3 {
-	fn div_assign(&mut self, other: Vec3){
+    fn div_assign(&mut self, other: Vec3) {
-		*self = Self {
+        *self = Self {
-			x: self.x / other.x,
+            x: self.x / other.x,
-			y: self.y / other.y,
+            y: self.y / other.y,
-			z: self.z / other.z
+            z: self.z / other.z,
-		};
+        };
-	}
+    }
 }
 
 impl DivAssign<f32> for Vec3 {
-	fn div_assign(&mut self, other: f32){
+    fn div_assign(&mut self, other: f32) {
-		*self = Self {
+        *self = Self {
-			x: self.x / other,
+            x: self.x / other,
-			y: self.y / other,
+            y: self.y / other,
-			z: self.z / other
+            z: self.z / other,
-		};
+        };
-	}
+    }
 }
 
-impl Neg for Vec3{
+impl Neg for Vec3 {
     type Output = Self;
     fn neg(self) -> Self::Output {
-        Vec3{
+        Vec3 {
             x: -self.x,
             y: -self.y,
             z: -self.z,
@@ -370,27 +376,26 @@ impl Neg for Vec3{
 }
 
 impl Display for Vec3 {
-	fn fmt(&self, fmt: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+    fn fmt(&self, fmt: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
-		let str = format!("{} {} {}", self.x, self.y, self.z);
+        let str = format!("{} {} {}", self.x, self.y, self.z);
-		fmt.write_str(&str)?;
+        fmt.write_str(&str)?;
-		Ok(())
+        Ok(())
-		
+    }
-	}
 }
 
 #[derive(Copy, Clone)]
-pub struct Ray{
+pub struct Ray {
     pub orig: Vec3,
     pub dir: Vec3,
 }
 
-impl Ray{
+impl Ray {
     pub fn at(&self, t: f32) -> Vec3 {
-        self.orig + self.dir*t
+        self.orig + self.dir * t
     }
 }
 
-#[derive (Copy, Clone)]
+#[derive(Copy, Clone)]
 pub struct Rect {
     pub x: i32,
     pub y: i32,
@@ -398,11 +403,11 @@ pub struct Rect {
     pub h: i32,
 }
 
-impl Rect{
+impl Rect {
     pub fn pos(&self) -> Vec2i {
         Vec2i {
             x: self.x,
-            y: self.y, 
+            y: self.y,
         }
     }
 
@@ -415,188 +420,188 @@ impl Rect{
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
-mod test{
+mod test {
     use super::*;
 
     #[test]
-    fn test_add(){
+    fn test_add() {
         let v1 = Vec3::new(1.0, 1.0, 0.0);
         let v2 = Vec3::new(0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
 
         let expected = Vec3::new(1.0, 1.0, 1.0);
 
-        assert_eq!( v1+v2, expected );
+        assert_eq!(v1 + v2, expected);
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn test_add_assign(){
+    fn test_add_assign() {
         let mut v1 = Vec3::new(0.0, 1.0, 1.0);
         let v2 = Vec3::new(1.0, 0.0, 0.0);
 
         let expected = Vec3::new(1.0, 1.0, 1.0);
 
-        v1+=v2;
+        v1 += v2;
-        assert_eq!( v1, expected );
+        assert_eq!(v1, expected);
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn test_sub(){
+    fn test_sub() {
         let v1 = Vec3::new(1.0, 1.0, 0.0);
         let v2 = Vec3::new(0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
 
         let expected = Vec3::new(1.0, 1.0, -1.0);
 
-        assert_eq!( v1-v2, expected );
+        assert_eq!(v1 - v2, expected);
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn test_sub_assign(){
+    fn test_sub_assign() {
         let mut v1 = Vec3::new(0.0, 1.0, 1.0);
         let v2 = Vec3::new(1.0, 0.0, 0.0);
 
         let expected = Vec3::new(-1.0, 1.0, 1.0);
 
-        v1-=v2;
+        v1 -= v2;
-        assert_eq!( v1, expected );
+        assert_eq!(v1, expected);
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn test_mul_vec(){
+    fn test_mul_vec() {
         let v1 = Vec3::new(0.1, 0.5, 0.7);
         let v2 = Vec3::new(1.0, 2.0, 1.0);
 
         let expected = Vec3::new(0.1, 1.0, 0.7);
 
-        assert_eq!( v1*v2, expected );
+        assert_eq!(v1 * v2, expected);
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn test_mul_float(){
+    fn test_mul_float() {
         let v1 = Vec3::new(0.1, 0.5, 0.7);
         let f1 = 0.5;
 
         let expected = Vec3::new(0.05, 0.25, 0.35);
 
-        assert_eq!( v1*f1, expected );
+        assert_eq!(v1 * f1, expected);
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn test_mul_vec_assign(){
+    fn test_mul_vec_assign() {
         let mut v1 = Vec3::new(0.1, 0.5, 0.7);
         let v2 = Vec3::new(1.0, 2.0, 1.0);
 
         let expected = Vec3::new(0.1, 1.0, 0.7);
 
-        v1*=v2;
+        v1 *= v2;
-        assert_eq!( v1, expected );
+        assert_eq!(v1, expected);
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn test_mul_float_assign(){
+    fn test_mul_float_assign() {
         let mut v1 = Vec3::new(0.1, 0.5, 0.7);
         let f1 = 0.5;
 
         let expected = Vec3::new(0.05, 0.25, 0.35);
-        
+
-        v1*=f1;
+        v1 *= f1;
-        assert_eq!( v1, expected );
+        assert_eq!(v1, expected);
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn test_div_vec(){
+    fn test_div_vec() {
         let v1 = Vec3::new(0.1, 0.5, 0.7);
         let v2 = Vec3::new(0.5, 2.0, 1.0);
 
         let expected = Vec3::new(0.2, 0.25, 0.7);
 
-        assert_eq!( v1/v2, expected );
+        assert_eq!(v1 / v2, expected);
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn test_div_float(){
+    fn test_div_float() {
         let v1 = Vec3::new(0.1, 0.5, 0.7);
         let f1 = 0.5;
 
         let expected = Vec3::new(0.2, 1.0, 1.4);
 
-        assert_eq!( v1/f1, expected );
+        assert_eq!(v1 / f1, expected);
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn test_div_vec_assign(){
+    fn test_div_vec_assign() {
         let mut v1 = Vec3::new(0.1, 0.5, 0.7);
         let v2 = Vec3::new(1.0, 2.0, 1.0);
 
         let expected = Vec3::new(0.1, 0.25, 0.7);
 
-        v1/=v2;
+        v1 /= v2;
-        assert_eq!( v1, expected );
+        assert_eq!(v1, expected);
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn test_div_float_assign(){
+    fn test_div_float_assign() {
         let mut v1 = Vec3::new(0.1, 0.5, 0.7);
         let f1 = 0.5;
 
         let expected = Vec3::new(0.2, 1., 1.4);
-        
+
-        v1/=f1;
+        v1 /= f1;
-        assert_eq!( v1, expected );
+        assert_eq!(v1, expected);
     }
-    
+
     #[test]
-    fn test_length_squared(){
+    fn test_length_squared() {
         let v = Vec3::new(2.0, 0.0, 2.0);
         let len = v.length_squared();
         assert_eq!(len, 8.0);
     }
-    
+
     #[test]
-    fn test_length(){
+    fn test_length() {
         let v = Vec3::new(3.0, 4.0, 0.0);
         let len = v.length();
         assert_eq!(len, 5.0)
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn test_dot_perpendicular(){
+    fn test_dot_perpendicular() {
         let v1 = Vec3::new(1.0, 0.0, 0.0);
         let v2 = Vec3::new(0.0, 1.0, 0.0);
         assert_eq!(Vec3::dot(v1, v2), 0.0);
     }
-    
+
     #[test]
-    fn test_dot_parallel(){
+    fn test_dot_parallel() {
         let v1 = Vec3::new(1.0, 0.0, 0.0);
         let v2 = Vec3::new(1.0, 0.0, 0.0);
         assert_eq!(Vec3::dot(v1, v2), 1.0);
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn test_dot_acute(){
+    fn test_dot_acute() {
         let v1 = Vec3::new(1.0, 1.0, 0.0);
         let v2 = Vec3::new(0.5, 1.0, 0.0);
         assert_eq!(Vec3::dot(v1, v2), 1.5);
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn test_dot_obtuse(){
+    fn test_dot_obtuse() {
         let v1 = Vec3::new(1.0, 1.0, 0.0);
         let v2 = Vec3::new(0.5, -1.0, 0.0);
         assert_eq!(Vec3::dot(v1, v2), -0.5);
     }
-    
+
     #[test]
-    fn test_cross_perpendicular(){
+    fn test_cross_perpendicular() {
         let v1 = Vec3::new(1.0, 0.0, 0.0);
         let v2 = Vec3::new(0.0, 1.0, 0.0);
 
         let expected = Vec3::new(0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
         assert_eq!(Vec3::cross(v1, v2), expected);
     }
-    
+
     #[test]
-    fn test_cross_parallel(){
+    fn test_cross_parallel() {
         let v1 = Vec3::new(1.0, 0.0, 0.0);
         let v2 = Vec3::new(1.0, 0.0, 0.0);
 
@@ -606,7 +611,7 @@ mod test{
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn test_cross_111(){
+    fn test_cross_111() {
         let v1 = Vec3::new(1.0, 1.0, 1.0);
         let v2 = Vec3::new(0.0, 1.0, 0.0);
 
@@ -616,32 +621,32 @@ mod test{
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn test_unit_shorten(){
+    fn test_unit_shorten() {
         let v = Vec3::new(2.0, 0.0, 0.0);
         let expected = Vec3::new(1.0, 0.0, 0.0);
-        
+
         assert_eq!(Vec3::as_unit(v), expected);
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn test_unit_lengthen(){
+    fn test_unit_lengthen() {
         let v = Vec3::new(0.5, 0.0, 0.0);
         let expected = Vec3::new(1.0, 0.0, 0.0);
-        
+
         assert_eq!(Vec3::as_unit(v), expected);
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn test_unit_111(){
+    fn test_unit_111() {
         let v = Vec3::new(1.0, 1.0, 1.0);
-        let expected = Vec3::new(0.577350269,0.577350269,0.577350269);
+        let expected = Vec3::new(0.577350269, 0.577350269, 0.577350269);
 
         assert!(Vec3::as_unit(v) <= expected * 1.001); // within very small under-estimate
         assert!(Vec3::as_unit(v) >= expected * 0.999); // within very small over-estimate
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn test_reflect_flat(){
+    fn test_reflect_flat() {
         let ray = Vec3::new(1.0, 0.0, 0.0);
         let normal = Vec3::new(-1.0, 0.0, 0.0);
 
@@ -649,24 +654,22 @@ mod test{
         let expected = Vec3::new(-1.0, 0.0, 0.0);
         assert!(refl == expected);
     }
-    
+
     #[test]
-    fn test_reflect_flat_back(){
+    fn test_reflect_flat_back() {
         let ray = Vec3::new(1.0, 0.0, 0.0);
         let normal = Vec3::new(1.0, 0.0, 0.0);
 
         let refl = Vec3::reflect(ray, normal);
         let expected = Vec3::new(-1.0, 0.0, 0.0);
         assert!(refl == expected);
-
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn test_reflect_45(){
+    fn test_reflect_45() {
         let ray = Vec3::new(1.0, 0.0, 0.0);
         let normal = Vec3::as_unit(Vec3::new(-1.0, 1.0, 0.0));
 
-        
         let refl = Vec3::reflect(ray, normal);
         let expected = Vec3::new(0.0, 1.0, 0.0);
         let diff = refl - expected;
@@ -675,15 +678,12 @@ mod test{
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn check_lerp(){
+    fn check_lerp() {
-        let ray = Ray{
+        let ray = Ray {
             orig: Vec3::new(0.0, 0.0, 0.0),
-            dir: Vec3::new(1.0, 1.0, 0.0)
+            dir: Vec3::new(1.0, 1.0, 0.0),
         };
         let half = ray.at(0.5);
-        assert_eq!(
+        assert_eq!(half, Vec3::new(0.5, 0.5, 0.0));
-            half,
-            Vec3::new(0.5, 0.5, 0.0)
-        );
     }
 }

src/renderer.rs

@@ -1,21 +1,15 @@
-
+use crate::primitives::{Ray, Rect, Vec2f, Vec2i, Vec3};
-use crate::primitives::{
+use crate::scene::{Hittable, Scene};
-    Vec2i,
-    Vec2f,
-    Vec3,
-    Ray,
-    Rect,
-};
-use crate::scene::{
-    Hittable,
-    Scene,
-};
 
 use rand::rngs::SmallRng;
 
 use itertools::{self, Itertools};
 
-const SKY_COLOR: Vec3 = Vec3 { x: 0.5, y: 0.7, z: 1.0};
+const SKY_COLOR: Vec3 = Vec3 {
+    x: 0.5,
+    y: 0.7,
+    z: 1.0,
+};
 
 pub struct RenderProperties {
     pub samples: u32, // samples are averaged results over a pixel
@@ -28,65 +22,52 @@ fn to_uv(coord: Vec2i, img_size: Vec2i) -> Vec2f {
     Vec2f::new(u, v)
 }
 
-fn ray_color(
+fn ray_color(r: Ray, surface: &Hittable, depth: u32, rng: &mut SmallRng) -> Vec3 {
-    r: Ray, surface: &Hittable, depth: u32,
-    rng: &mut SmallRng,
-) -> Vec3 {
     // recursion guard
     if depth == 0 {
-        return Vec3::zero();
+        return Vec3::ZERO;
     }
-    
+
     // cast a ray, interrogate hit record
-    if let Some(record) = surface.hit(r, 0.001, f32::INFINITY){
+    if let Some(record) = surface.hit(r, 0.001, f32::INFINITY) {
         let mut scattered = Ray {
-            orig: Vec3::zero(),
+            orig: Vec3::ZERO,
-            dir: Vec3::zero(),
+            dir: Vec3::ZERO,
         };
-        let mut attenuation = Vec3::zero();
+        let mut attenuation = Vec3::ZERO;
-        if record.material.scatter(
+        if record
-            r,
+            .material
-            &record,
+            .scatter(r, &record, &mut attenuation, &mut scattered, rng)
-            &mut attenuation,
+        {
-            &mut scattered,
+            return attenuation * ray_color(scattered, surface, depth - 1, rng);
-            rng
-        ) {
-            return attenuation * ray_color(
-                scattered, surface, depth-1, rng
-            );
         }
     } // TODO: explicit else block
     // Rust gets angry about the inner if{} block because it evaluates to ()
     // when the else path is taken. This is a problem for a function
     // that returns Vec3 and not ().
 
-    { // when nothing is struck, return sky color
+    // when nothing is struck, return sky color
-        let unitdir = Vec3::as_unit(r.dir);
+    let unitdir = Vec3::as_unit(r.dir);
-        let t = 0.5 * (unitdir.y + 1.0);
+    let t = 0.5 * (unitdir.y + 1.0);
-        return Vec3::ones() * (1.0 - t) + SKY_COLOR * t
+    Vec3::ONES * (1.0 - t) + SKY_COLOR * t
-    }
 }
 
 fn sample_pixel(
-    coord: Vec2i, // location in image/screen space
+    coord: Vec2i,  // location in image/screen space
-    scene: &Scene,  // scene we're drawing
+    scene: &Scene, // scene we're drawing
     render_props: &RenderProperties,
     img_size: Vec2i,
     // Supplied by the execution environment (the thread)
     rng: &mut SmallRng,
-) -> Vec3{
+) -> Vec3 {
-    (0..render_props.samples)
+    (0..render_props.samples).fold(Vec3::ZERO, |color, _sample| -> Vec3 {
-    .fold(
+        let uv = to_uv(coord, img_size);
-        Vec3::zero(),
+        let ray = scene.camera.get_ray(uv.x, uv.y, rng);
-        |color, _sample| -> Vec3 {
+        if ray.dir.x.is_nan() {
-            let uv = to_uv(coord, img_size);
+            panic!("Ray dir.x is NAN");
-            let ray = scene.camera.get_ray(uv.x, uv.y, rng);
-            if ray.dir.x.is_nan() {
-                panic!("Ray dir.x is NAN");
-            }
-            color + ray_color(ray, &scene.world, render_props.bounces, rng)
         }
-    )
+        color + ray_color(ray, &scene.world, render_props.bounces, rng)
+    })
 }
 
 pub struct Tile {
@@ -96,28 +77,31 @@ pub struct Tile {
 
 impl Tile {
     pub fn render_tile(
-        bounds: Rect,       // bounds of the region to render
+        bounds: Rect,    // bounds of the region to render
-        img_size: Vec2i,    // final image resolution (needed for proper UV mapping)
+        img_size: Vec2i, // final image resolution (needed for proper UV mapping)
         scene: &Scene,
         properties: &RenderProperties, // TODO: Place image size in render properties?
         rng: &mut SmallRng,
     ) -> Self {
-        let pixel_iter = (bounds.y..(bounds.y + bounds.h))
+        let pixel_iter =
-            .cartesian_product( bounds.x..(bounds.x + bounds.w));
+            (bounds.y..(bounds.y + bounds.h)).cartesian_product(bounds.x..(bounds.x + bounds.w));
-        let pixels = pixel_iter.map(
+        let pixels = pixel_iter
-            |coord| -> Vec3 {
+            .map(|coord| -> Vec3 {
                 sample_pixel(
-                    Vec2i{x: coord.1, y: coord.0},
+                    Vec2i {
+                        x: coord.1,
+                        y: coord.0,
+                    },
                     scene,
                     properties,
                     img_size,
                     rng,
                 )
-            }
+            })
-        ).collect();
+            .collect();
         Self {
             _bounds: bounds,
-            pixels
+            pixels,
         }
     }
     pub fn render_line(
@@ -128,11 +112,16 @@ impl Tile {
         rng: &mut SmallRng, // rng utils
     ) -> Self {
         Tile::render_tile(
-            Rect{ x: 0, y, w: img_size.x, h: 1 },
+            Rect {
+                x: 0,
+                y,
+                w: img_size.x,
+                h: 1,
+            },
             img_size,
             scene,
             properties,
-            rng
+            rng,
         )
     }
 }

src/scene.rs

@@ -1,11 +1,10 @@
-
+use crate::primitives::{Ray, Vec3};
-use crate::primitives::{Vec3, Ray};
 
 use rand::Rng;
+use rand::distr::Uniform;
 use rand::rngs::SmallRng;
-use rand::distributions::Uniform;
 
-pub struct HitRecord{
+pub struct HitRecord {
     pub p: Vec3,
     pub normal: Vec3,
     pub material: Material,
@@ -13,40 +12,53 @@ pub struct HitRecord{
     pub front_face: bool,
 }
 
-impl HitRecord{
+impl HitRecord {
-    pub fn set_face_normal(&mut self, r: Ray, outward_normal: Vec3) -> (){
+    pub fn set_face_normal(&mut self, r: Ray, outward_normal: Vec3) {
         self.front_face = Vec3::dot(r.dir, outward_normal) < 0.0;
-        self.normal = if self.front_face { outward_normal } else { -outward_normal };
+        self.normal = if self.front_face {
+            outward_normal
+        } else {
+            -outward_normal
+        };
     }
 }
 
-#[derive (Clone)]
+#[derive(Clone)]
 pub enum Hittable {
-    Sphere { center: Vec3, radius: f32, material: Material },
+    Sphere {
-    HittableList { hittables: Vec<Hittable> }
+        center: Vec3,
+        radius: f32,
+        material: Material,
+    },
+    HittableList {
+        hittables: Vec<Hittable>,
+    },
 }
 
 impl Hittable {
     pub fn hit(&self, r: Ray, t_min: f32, t_max: f32) -> Option<HitRecord> {
         match self {
-            Hittable::HittableList { hittables } => {
+            Hittable::HittableList { hittables } => hittables
-                hittables.iter()
+                .iter()
-                .map( |obj| -> Option<HitRecord> {
+                .map(|obj| -> Option<HitRecord> { obj.hit(r, t_min, t_max) })
-                    obj.hit(r, t_min, t_max)
+                .filter(|obj| obj.is_some())
-                }).filter(|obj| obj.is_some())
                 .min_by(|lhs, rhs| {
                     let lhs = lhs.as_ref().unwrap();
                     let rhs = rhs.as_ref().unwrap();
                     lhs.t.partial_cmp(&rhs.t).expect("Couldn't compare??")
-                }).unwrap_or(None)
+                })
-            }
+                .unwrap_or(None),
 
-            Hittable::Sphere { center, radius, material } => {
+            Hittable::Sphere {
+                center,
+                radius,
+                material,
+            } => {
                 let oc = r.orig - *center;
                 let a = r.dir.length_squared();
                 let half_b = Vec3::dot(oc, r.dir);
                 let c = oc.length_squared() - radius * radius;
-                let discriminant = half_b*half_b - a*c;
+                let discriminant = half_b * half_b - a * c;
 
                 if discriminant < 0.0 {
                     return None;
@@ -61,7 +73,7 @@ impl Hittable {
                         return None;
                     }
                 }
-                let mut record = HitRecord{
+                let mut record = HitRecord {
                     p: r.at(root),
                     normal: (r.at(root) - *center) / *radius,
                     material: *material,
@@ -81,11 +93,10 @@ impl Hittable {
     }
 }
 
-
 #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]
-pub enum Material{
+pub enum Material {
     Lambertian { albedo: Vec3 },
-    Metal { albedo:Vec3, fuzz: f32 },
+    Metal { albedo: Vec3, fuzz: f32 },
     Dielectric { index_refraction: f32 },
 }
 
@@ -103,55 +114,60 @@ impl Material {
                 let scatter_dir = rec.normal + Vec3::rand_unit_vector(srng);
                 // The compiler might be smart enough to compute this ^^^ just once. In which case,
                 // I don't need to do this weird dance. Oh well. It'll work.
-                let scatter_dir = if scatter_dir.near_zero() {  // if near zero,
+                let scatter_dir = if scatter_dir.near_zero() {
-                    rec.normal                                  // replace with normal
+                    // if near zero,
+                    rec.normal // replace with normal
                 } else {
-                    scatter_dir                                 // else preserve current
+                    scatter_dir // else preserve current
                 };
 
                 //TODO: Revisit this out-parameter pattern
                 // It's a side effect of C++'s obtuse move semantics (and the RTIOW author not
                 // using them at all)
-                *scattered = Ray{
+                *scattered = Ray {
                     orig: rec.p,
-                    dir: scatter_dir
+                    dir: scatter_dir,
                 };
                 *attenuation = *albedo; // deref on both sides? Wacky
-                return true;
+                true
-            },
+            }
             Material::Metal { albedo, fuzz } => {
-                let reflected = Vec3::reflect(
+                let reflected = Vec3::reflect(Vec3::as_unit(ray_in.dir), rec.normal);
-                    Vec3::as_unit(ray_in.dir),
+                *scattered = Ray {
-                    rec.normal
-                );
-                *scattered = Ray{
                     orig: rec.p,
                     dir: reflected + Vec3::rand_in_unit_sphere(srng) * *fuzz,
                 };
                 *attenuation = *albedo;
-                return Vec3::dot(scattered.dir, rec.normal) > 0.0;
+                Vec3::dot(scattered.dir, rec.normal) > 0.0
-            },
+            }
             Material::Dielectric { index_refraction } => {
-                *attenuation = Vec3::ones();
+                *attenuation = Vec3::ONES;
-                let refraction_ratio = if rec.front_face { 1.0 / index_refraction } else { *index_refraction };
+                let refraction_ratio = if rec.front_face {
-                
+                    1.0 / index_refraction
+                } else {
+                    *index_refraction
+                };
+
                 let unit_direction = Vec3::as_unit(ray_in.dir);
                 let cos_theta = Vec3::dot(-unit_direction, rec.normal).min(1.0);
                 let sin_theta = (1.0 - cos_theta * cos_theta).sqrt();
 
                 let cannot_refract = refraction_ratio * sin_theta > 1.0;
-                let distrib_zero_one = Uniform::new(0.0, 1.0);
+                let distrib_zero_one = Uniform::new(0.0, 1.0).unwrap();
-                let direction = if cannot_refract || Material::reflectance(cos_theta, refraction_ratio) > srng.sample(distrib_zero_one) {
+                let direction = if cannot_refract
+                    || Material::reflectance(cos_theta, refraction_ratio)
+                        > srng.sample(distrib_zero_one)
+                {
                     Vec3::reflect(unit_direction, rec.normal)
                 } else {
                     Vec3::refract(unit_direction, rec.normal, refraction_ratio)
                 };
                 *scattered = Ray {
                     orig: rec.p,
-                    dir: direction 
+                    dir: direction,
                 };
-                return true;
+                true
-            },
+            }
         }
     }
 
@@ -159,7 +175,7 @@ impl Material {
         // Schlick's approximation for reflectance.
         let r0 = (1.0 - ref_idx) / (1.0 + ref_idx);
         let r0 = r0 * r0;
-        return r0 + (1.0 - r0) * (1.0 - cosine).powf(5.0);
+        r0 + (1.0 - r0) * (1.0 - cosine).powf(5.0)
     }
 }
 
@@ -174,7 +190,8 @@ pub struct Camera {
     lower_left_corner: Vec3,
     horizontal: Vec3,
     vertical: Vec3,
-    u: Vec3, v: Vec3, /*w: Vec3,*/
+    u: Vec3,
+    v: Vec3, /*w: Vec3,*/
     lens_radius: f32,
 }
 
@@ -186,7 +203,7 @@ impl Camera {
         vfov: f32,
         aspect_ratio: f32,
         aperture: f32,
-        focus_dist: f32
+        focus_dist: f32,
     ) -> Camera {
         let theta = degrees_to_radians(vfov);
         let h = (theta / 2.0).tan();
@@ -202,12 +219,13 @@ impl Camera {
         let verti = v * vp_height * focus_dist;
         let lower_left_corner = orig - horiz / 2.0 - verti / 2.0 - w * focus_dist;
 
-        Camera{
+        Camera {
             origin: orig,
             lower_left_corner,
             horizontal: horiz,
             vertical: verti,
-            u, v, /* w,*/
+            u,
+            v, /* w,*/
             lens_radius: aperture / 2.0,
         }
     }
@@ -216,18 +234,15 @@ impl Camera {
         let rd = Vec3::rand_in_unit_disk(srng) * self.lens_radius;
         let offset = self.u * rd.x + self.v * rd.y;
 
-        let dir = self.lower_left_corner
+        let dir =
-                + self.horizontal * s
+            self.lower_left_corner + self.horizontal * s + self.vertical * t - self.origin - offset;
-                + self.vertical * t 
+        Ray {
-                - self.origin - offset;
-        Ray{
             orig: self.origin + offset,
             dir,
         }
     }
 }
 
-
 pub struct Scene {
     pub camera: Camera,
     pub world: Hittable,
@@ -235,12 +250,20 @@ pub struct Scene {
 
 impl Scene {
     pub fn random_world(srng: &mut SmallRng) -> Hittable {
-        let mat_ground = Material::Lambertian { albedo: Vec3::new(0.5, 0.5, 0.5) };
+        let mat_ground = Material::Lambertian {
-        let mut world = Hittable::HittableList { hittables : Vec::<Hittable>::new() };
+            albedo: Vec3::new(0.5, 0.5, 0.5),
-        
+        };
-        world.push( Hittable::Sphere { center: Vec3::new(0.0, -1000.0, 0.0), radius: 1000.0, material: mat_ground });
+        let mut world = Hittable::HittableList {
-        
+            hittables: Vec::<Hittable>::new(),
-        let distrib_zero_one = Uniform::new(0.0, 1.0);
+        };
+
+        world.push(Hittable::Sphere {
+            center: Vec3::new(0.0, -1000.0, 0.0),
+            radius: 1000.0,
+            material: mat_ground,
+        });
+
+        let distrib_zero_one = Uniform::new(0.0, 1.0).unwrap();
         for a in -11..11 {
             for b in -11..11 {
                 let choose_mat = srng.sample(distrib_zero_one);
@@ -250,69 +273,71 @@ impl Scene {
                     z: b as f32 + 0.9 * srng.sample(distrib_zero_one),
                 };
                 if (center - Vec3::new(4.0, 0.2, 0.0)).length() > 0.9 {
-
                     if choose_mat < 0.8 {
                         // diffuse
-                        let albedo = Vec3::rand(srng, distrib_zero_one) * Vec3::rand(srng, distrib_zero_one);
+                        let albedo =
+                            Vec3::rand(srng, distrib_zero_one) * Vec3::rand(srng, distrib_zero_one);
                         let sphere_material = Material::Lambertian { albedo };
-                        world.push(
+                        world.push(Hittable::Sphere {
-                            Hittable::Sphere {
+                            center,
-                                center,
+                            radius: 0.2,
-                                radius: 0.2,
+                            material: sphere_material,
-                                material: sphere_material,
+                        });
-                            }
-                        );
                     } else if choose_mat < 0.95 {
                         // metal
-                        let distr_albedo = Uniform::new(0.5, 1.0);
+                        let distr_albedo = Uniform::new(0.5, 1.0).unwrap();
-                        let distr_fuzz = Uniform::new(0.0, 0.5);
+                        let distr_fuzz = Uniform::new(0.0, 0.5).unwrap();
 
                         let albedo = Vec3::rand(srng, distr_albedo);
                         let fuzz = srng.sample(distr_fuzz);
                         let material = Material::Metal { albedo, fuzz };
-                        world.push(
+                        world.push(Hittable::Sphere {
-                            Hittable::Sphere {
+                            center,
-                                center,
+                            radius: 0.2,
-                                radius: 0.2,
+                            material,
-                                material: material,
+                        });
-                            }
-                        );
                     } else {
                         // glass
-                        let material = Material::Dielectric { index_refraction: 1.5 };
+                        let material = Material::Dielectric {
-                        world.push(
+                            index_refraction: 1.5,
-                            Hittable::Sphere{
+                        };
-                                center,
+                        world.push(Hittable::Sphere {
-                                radius: 0.2,
+                            center,
-                                material: material,
+                            radius: 0.2,
-                            }
+                            material,
-                        );
+                        });
-
                     };
                 }
             }
         }
 
-        let material1 = Material::Dielectric { index_refraction: 1.5 };
+        let material1 = Material::Dielectric {
-        world.push( Hittable::Sphere{
+            index_refraction: 1.5,
+        };
+        world.push(Hittable::Sphere {
             center: Vec3::new(0.0, 1.0, 0.0),
             radius: 1.0,
-            material: material1
+            material: material1,
         });
 
-        let material2 = Material::Lambertian { albedo: Vec3::new(0.4, 0.2, 0.1) };
+        let material2 = Material::Lambertian {
-        world.push( Hittable::Sphere {
+            albedo: Vec3::new(0.4, 0.2, 0.1),
+        };
+        world.push(Hittable::Sphere {
             center: Vec3::new(-4.0, 1.0, 0.0),
             radius: 1.0,
-            material: material2
+            material: material2,
         });
 
-        let material3 = Material::Metal { albedo: Vec3::new(0.7, 0.6, 0.5), fuzz: 0.0 };
+        let material3 = Material::Metal {
-        world.push( Hittable::Sphere {
+            albedo: Vec3::new(0.7, 0.6, 0.5),
+            fuzz: 0.0,
+        };
+        world.push(Hittable::Sphere {
             center: Vec3::new(4.0, 1.0, 0.0),
             radius: 1.0,
-            material: material3
+            material: material3,
         });
         world
     }
-}
+}